Adsorptionskapazität
Adsorptionskapazität verschiedener Verbindungen in Wasser
 
                Einleitung
Aktivkohle besitzt eine hervorragende Adsorptionskapazität für eine Vielzahl organischer Verbindungen sowie einiger anorganischer Stoffe, wie zum Beispiel Schwermetalle. Darüber hinaus kann Aktivkohle auch bestimmte Oxidationsmittel, etwa Chlor, entfernen.
 
Die Leistungsfähigkeit von Aktivkohle ist jedoch schwer vorherzusagen, da sie von vielen Faktoren abhängt, unter anderem:
Die Tabellen zeigen die relative Adsorptionskapazität verschiedener Verbindungen in Wasser. Sie können genutzt werden, um schnell zu beurteilen, ob Aktivkohle voraussichtlich eine wirksame Technologie zur Entfernung der jeweiligen Stoffe darstellt.
Folgende Bewertungen der Adsorptionskapazität wurden verwendet:
 
 
Die Klassifizierung gibt an, ob die jeweilige Verbindung in den EU-Richtlinien über gefährliche Einleitungen (Richtlinien 76/464/EWG und 86/280/EWG) aufgeführt ist.
Verbindungen wie Chlor und Chloramine werden von Aktivkohle katalytisch entfernt.
| Name | Klasse | Molekulargewicht | Löslichkeit mg/l | Adsorptionsbewertung | 
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,4-D | EU List II | 221 | 620 | 1 | 
| Acetone | 58.08 | 791000 | 4 | |
| Acetic acid | 60.052 | sol. | 3 | |
| Acetonitrile | 41.052 | sol. | 4 | |
| Acrylamide | 71.08 | 588000 | 3 | |
| Acrylonitrile | 53.063 | 73500 | 4 | |
| Alachlor | 269.8 | 242 | 1 | |
| Aldrin | EU List I | 364.9 | 0.0027 | 1 | 
| Aniline | 93.128 | 33800 | 2 | |
| Anthracene | EU List II | 178.233 | 0.075 | 1 | 
| Atrazine | EU List II | 216.06 | 70 | 1 | 
| Azinphos-ethyl | EU List II | 345.4 | 5 | 1 | 
| Bentazone | 240.3 | 500 | 1 | |
| Benzene | 78.113 | 1782.29 | 2 | |
| Benzl alcohol | 108.14 | 35000 | 2 | |
| Benzoic acid | 122.123 | 3500 | 2 | |
| Biphenyl | EU List II | 154.2 | insol. | 1 | 
| 2,2-Bipyridine | 156 | 6370 | 1 | |
| Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether | 143.013 | 10200 | 2 | |
| Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Phtalate | 390.562 | 100 | 1 | |
| Bromacil | 261.1 | 815 | 1 | |
| Bromodichloromethane | 163.83 | 6000 | 2 | |
| Bromoform | 252.731 | 3180 | 2 | |
| p-Bromophenol | 173.02 | 17700 | 1 | |
| Butylbenzene | 312.4 | 2.9 | 1 | |
| Calcium Hypochlorite | 142.99 | - | Dechlorination | |
| Carbofuran | 221.3 | 700 | 1 | |
| Carbon tetrachloride | EU List I | 153.823 | 770 | 2 | 
| Chloramines | - | - | Centaur | |
| Chlorine | 70.9 | - | Dechlorination | |
| Chlorine dioxide | 67.5 | - | Dechlorination | |
| Chlorobenzene | 112.559 | 488 | 1 | |
| Chloroethane | 64.515 | 4470 | 3 | |
| Chloroform | 119.378 | 8150 | 3 | |
| 4-Chloro-2-nitrotoluene | EU List II | 171.58 | - | 1 | 
| 2-Chlorophenol | 128.56 | 26000 | 1 | |
| 1-Chloropropane | 78.541 | 2710 | 2 | |
| Chlorotoluene | 126.585 | 493 | 1 | |
| Chlorotoluron | 212.7 | 70 | 2 | |
| Chrysene | 228.28 | 0.006 | 1 | |
| m-Cresol | 108.14 | 23000 | 1 | |
| Cyanazine | 240.7 | 171 | 1 | |
| Cyclohexane | 84.161 | 55 | 1 | |
| DDT | EU List I | 354.5 | insol. | 1 | 
| Deisopropytatrazine | 175.6 | - | 1 | |
| Desethylatrazine | 187.6 | - | 1 | |
| Demeton-O | EU List II | 258.3 | 60 | 1 | 
| Di-n-butylphthalate | 278.34 | 4500 | 1 | |
| Dibromo-3-chloropropane | 236.5 | 1000 | 2 | |
| Dibromochloromethane | 208.29 | 4000 | 2 | |
| 1,2-Dichlorobenzene | 147.004 | 156 | 1 | |
| 1,3-Dichlorobenzene | 147.004 | 111 | 1 | |
| 1,4-Dichlorobenzene | EU List II | 147.004 | 87.2 | 1 | 
| 2,4-Dichlorocresol | 177.03 | 2200 | 1 | |
| 1,1-Dichloroethane | 98.96 | 5100 | 3 | |
| 1,2-Dichloroethane | EU List I | 98.96 | 8100 | 3 | 
| 1,1-Dichloroethylene | EU List II | 96.944 | 210 | 2 | 
| cis 1,2-Dichloroethylene | 96.944 | 3500 | 2 | |
| trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene | 96.944 | 6300 | 2 | |
| 2,5-Dichlorophenol | 163 | 3710 | 1 | |
| 3,6-Dichlorophenol | 163 | 8050 | 1 | |
| 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy | 221.04 | 890 | 1 | |
| 1,2-Dichloropropane | 112.986 | 2740 | 2 | |
| 1,3-Dichloropropene | EU List II | 110.98 | 2700 | 3 | 
| Dieldrin | EU List I | 380.9 | 0.186 | 1 | 
| Diethylphthalate | 222.2 | 210 | 1 | |
| Dikegulac | 274.3 | 590000 | 3 | |
| Dimethoate | 229.2 | 25000 | 3 | |
| Dimethylformaldehyde | 73.094 | sol. | 4 | |
| 2,4-Dinitrocresol | 198.13 | 2200 | 1 | |
| 2,4-Dinitrotoluene | 182.15 | 270 | 1 | |
| 2,6-Dinitrotoluene | 182.15 | 270 | 1 | |
| 2,4-Dinitrotoluene | 184.11 | 1370 | 1 | |
| 1,4-Dioxane | 88.106 | sol. | 4 | |
| Diuron | 233.1 | 42 | 1 | |
| Endosulfan | 406.9 | 0.32 | 1 | |
| Endrin | EU List I | 380.9 | insol. | 1 | 
| Ethyl acetate | 88.106 | 80800 | 3 | |
| Ethyl ether | 74.122 | 60400 | 3 | |
| Ethylbenzene | 106.167 | 152 | 1 | |
| Ethylene | 187.862 | 4290 | 2 | |
| Freon 11 | 137.368 | 1100 | 3 | |
| Freon 113 | 187.376 | 170 | 3 | |
| Freon 12 | 120.914 | 280 | 3 | |
| Glyphosate | 169.1 | 12000 | 3 | |
| Hexachlorobenzene | EU List I | 284.8 | insol. | 1 | 
| Hexachlorobutadiene | EU List I | 260.76 | 2 | 1 | 
| Hexane | 86.177 | 12.3 | 1 | |
| 2-Hexanone | 100.16 | 17500 | 2 | |
| Hydrogen Peroxide | 34 | sol. | Centaur | |
| Hydroquinone | 110.1 | 70000 | 2 | |
| Imazypur | 261.3 | 650000 | 3 | |
| Isodrin | EU List I | 380.9 | - | 1 | 
| Isooctane | 114 | 2.4 | 1 | |
| Isopropyl alcohol | 60.096 | sol. | 4 | |
| Isoproturon | 206.3 | 55 | 1 | |
| Lindane | EU List I | 290.85 | 10 | 1 | 
| Linuron | 249.1 | 81 | 1 | |
| Malathion | 330 | 145 | 1 | |
| MCPA | 200.6 | 825 | 1 | |
| Mecoprop | 214.6 | 620 | 1 | |
| Metazachlor | 277.8 | 17 | 1 | |
| Methionine | 149.22 | 34800 | 3 | |
| Methyl-tert-butyl ether | 88.15 | 48000 | 3 | |
| 2-Methyl benzenamine | 107.155 | 16600 | 1 | |
| Methyl chloride | 50.488 | 6480 | 4 | |
| Methyl ethyl ketone | 72.107 | 240000 | 3 | |
| Methyl isobutyl ketone | 100.16 | 17000 | 2 | |
| Methyl napthalene | 142.2 | 28.5 | 1 | |
| 4-Methylbenzenamine | 107.155 | 73500 | 2 | |
| 2-Methylbutane | 72.15 | 48 | 1 | |
| Methylene chloride | 84.933 | 13000 | 4 | |
| Monuron | 198.7 | 230 | 1 | |
| Napthalene | 128.173 | 31.69 | 1 | |
| Nitrobenzene | 123.111 | 1900 | 1 | |
| m-Nitrophenol | 139.11 | 13600 | 1 | |
| o-Nitrophenol | 139.11 | 1620 | 1 | |
| p-Nitrophenol | 139.11 | 16000 | 1 | |
| Ozone | - | Dechlorination | ||
| Parathion | 291.3 | 24 | 1 | |
| Pentachlorophenol | EU List I | 266.35 | 14 | 1 | 
| 1-Pentanol | 88.149 | 21900 | 2 | |
| Phenol | 94.113 | 86600 | 2 | |
| Phenylalanine | 169.2 | 14200 | 2 | |
| o-Phthalic acid | 166.1 | 56800 | 2 | |
| 1-Propanol | 60.096 | sol. | 4 | |
| Propazine | 230.09 | 8.6 | 1 | |
| Propionitrile | 55.98 | 93880 | 4 | |
| Propylene | 76.095 | sol. | 4 | |
| Pyridine | 79.101 | 982000 | 3 | |
| Simazine | 201.67 | 5 | 1 | |
| Sodium Hypochlorite | 74.5 | - | Dechlorination | |
| Styrene | 104.51 | 310 | 2 | |
| Terbutryn | 241.4 | 25 | 1 | |
| 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane | 167.85 | 2870 | 2 | |
| Tetrachloroethylene | EU List I | 165.834 | 150 | 1 | 
| Tetrahydrofuran | 72.107 | sol. | 4 | |
| Toluene | 92.14 | 515 | 2 | |
| Trichlorobenzene (all isomers) | EU List I | 181.46 | insol. | ? | 
| 1,1,1-Trichloroethane | 133.405 | 1320 | 2 | |
| 1,1,2-Trichloroethane | 133.405 | 4400 | 3 | |
| Trichloroethylene | EU List I | 131.389 | 1370 | 2 | 
| Triclopyr | 256.5 | 440 | 1 | |
| 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene | 120.194 | 48.2 | 1 | |
| Urea | 60.06 | 655000 | 4 | |
| Vinyl acetate | 86.09 | 20000 | 2 | |
| Vinyl chloride | 62.499 | 2700 | 3 | |
| m-Xylene | 106.167 | 146 | 1 | |
| o-Xylene | 106.167 | 175 | 1 | |
| p-Xylene | 106.167 | 156 | 1 | |
| 2,4-Xylenol | 122.16 | 7870 | 1 |